Effectiveness and Transparency Dilemma in Consolidating Democracies

Abstract

Many countries in consolidating democracies faced challenges of striking a balance between effectiveness and democracy/transparency, especially when they transformed non-democratic regimes into democratic regimes. As Huntington describes the beginning of the “third wave” of democratization process many Latin American counties, Europe and some parts of Asia underwent fundamental changes of democracy in the state bureaucracy and the intelligence community. This included establishing free and fair elections, instituting market economies, creating civil societies and completely reforming intelligence apparatuses. However, the lack of democracy in non-democratic regimes in the past haunted the people of the country, has resulted in creating mistrust and a lack of credibility between the intelligence community and civil society. As such, this paper will argue that ‘building trust between the Intelligence Community and Civil Society is one of the most critical issues for achieving effectiveness and transparency in consolidating modern democracies.’ Therefore, this paper discusses what is the effectiveness and transparency dilemma in intelligence, comparative analysis of Argentina, Mongolia and Brazil to identify the fact that why mistrust between civil society and the intelligence community are more demanding, and how to build the trust between civil society and the intelligence community. In this regard, fundamental changes of democracy in these countries, particularly in the state bureaucracy and intelligence community will be used to elaborate the effectiveness and transparency dilemma in consolidating democracies. The author will adopt mix method to gather data relevant to the subject matter