| dc.description.abstract | Many countries in consolidating democracies
faced challenges of striking a balance between
effectiveness and democracy/transparency, especially
when they transformed non-democratic regimes into
democratic regimes. As Huntington describes the
beginning of the “third wave” of democratization process
many Latin American counties, Europe and some parts of
Asia underwent fundamental changes of democracy in the
state bureaucracy and the intelligence community. This
included establishing free and fair elections, instituting
market economies, creating civil societies and completely
reforming intelligence apparatuses. However, the lack of
democracy in non-democratic regimes in the past haunted
the people of the country, has resulted in creating mistrust
and a lack of credibility between the intelligence
community and civil society. As such, this paper will argue
that ‘building trust between the Intelligence Community
and Civil Society is one of the most critical issues for
achieving effectiveness and transparency in consolidating
modern democracies.’ Therefore, this paper discusses
what is the effectiveness and transparency dilemma in
intelligence, comparative analysis of Argentina, Mongolia
and Brazil to identify the fact that why mistrust between
civil society and the intelligence community are more
demanding, and how to build the trust between civil
society and the intelligence community. In this regard,
fundamental changes of democracy in these countries,
particularly in the state bureaucracy and intelligence
community will be used to elaborate the effectiveness and
transparency dilemma in consolidating democracies. The
author will adopt mix method to gather data relevant to
the subject matter | |
