Review of potential research and development areas in the technological aspect of Bioprinting

Abstract

Bioprinting technology has shown a swift development within the last decade. However, the fundamental limitations of bioprinting technology still need to be addressed. This review aims to identify limitations, the rationale behind them, the current approaches to solve them, and propose novel methodologies to address these challenges. The data were collected from several databases, using different combinations of keywords in metadata to precisely identify the technological limitations and analysed in depth over the resulting collection of literature in several disciplines ranging from 3D bioprinting, 3D printing, Machine Learning, Stem cell technology, Cell biology and transplant medicine, and Biomaterials to identify the major limitations, current trends and deficits in the current approaches to overcome the existence of the fundamental limitations. From the analysis, the leading three 3D bioprinting technologies were identified, laying the foundation for all other bioprinting technologies. The fundamental limitations, novel approaches, and understandings were compiled. Also, the limitations across the entire bioprinting discipline were separately identified and compiled. Different approaches to solving the existing limitations were scrutinized and possible research avenues and directions were proposed. This understanding of limitations and the proposals may direct young scientists and biomedical engineers to solve them.