Positive Finding and Risk Factors for prediction of Breast Cancer: A Study from Mammographic X - Ray Examination at a Selected Private Hospital, Sri Lanka

Abstract

Mammography is the x-ray examination of the human breast and most effective examination for detection of breast cancer. Our main aim of this study was to identify the more predicted risk factors to positive finding for breast cancer. This was a cross sectional study describing the risk factors for positive finding of breast cancer and their association among Sri Lankan women who underwent mammography examination. Data was collected from 1st of August 2015, for six months at a selected private hospital, in western part of Sri Lanka. Structured questionnaires were distributed among the patients prior to mammography x-ray examination. It has included demographic information of patients and sign and symptoms, surgery related risk factors and other related factors was considered as associated risk factors for breast cancer. All mammographic images were interpreted and reported by well experienced radiologist at particular hospital. Mammographic examinations were performed on 213 consecutive women, among them 120 women diagnosed as positive for breast cancer. 41 (34.16%) women came for screening and 79 (65.83%) for diagnostic mammograms. Among the positive diagnosis of women 65 (54%) had pain and 62 (51.6%) had palpable mass in their one or either breasts; changes of shape in breast was observed in 27 (22.5%), 46 (38.4%) had none or low breast feed, 81 (72.5%) use contraceptive pills, 67 (55.8%) have family history of breast cancer and 71 (59.16%) were in menopause period. A binomial logistic regression has performed to see the factors which can be predicted towards the positive finding, The Hosmer-Lemeshow test shown that in the model fitted data well, ( p=0.544 ). Non or lack of Breast feed, usage of contraceptic pills and family history shown statistically significant (p <0.05) in predicting positive finding. However, pattern of menses not statistically significant (p > 0.05) predictor. Study concluded that pain and palpable mass or lump are good indicators and, It is evident that mammogram being positive is 7.18 times higher in those with family history of breast cancer than those without a family history. Furthermore family history of breast cancer, usage of contraceptive pills and none or lack of breast feed were identified higher risk factors in predicting the positive finding to breast cancer.