Enhancing Public Education and Addressing Policy Gaps for Radon Exposure and Lung Cancer Risk Mitigation in Sri Lanka

Abstract

Radon, a naturally occurring radioactive gas, is a significant health risk attributable to its strong association with lung cancer. In Sri Lanka, public awareness of radon exposure and its health implications remains low, and there are minimal policies addressing this risk. This systematic review aimed to analyse public awareness, policy gaps, and mitigation strategies related to radon exposure and cancer risk, particularly in Sri Lanka. Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we searched three electronic databases PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect for studies published since 2001, yielding 1,025 records. After screening, we included 51 articles, focussing on public awareness and policy frameworks in both developed and South Asian countries. The findings disclose significant gaps in both public knowledge and policy measures, highlighting the urgent necessity for targeted public education campaigns and development of comprehensive regulations for radon testing and mitigation. By addressing these issues, Sri Lanka can reduce the health risks associated with radon exposure and enhance its cancer prevention strategies.