https://ir.kdu.ac.lk/handle/345/6265 Mon, 04 May 2026 13:34:00 GMT 2026-05-04T13:34:00Z https://ir.kdu.ac.lk/handle/345/6276 Strengthening Passwords Against Peeping Attacks Jayalath, Induwara; Delpachithra, Thilini; Muthunayake, Hansika; Wijethilake, Tharindu; Keppetiyagama, Chamath Despite a multitude of vulnerabilities of textual passwords, they are more likely to remain widespread since no scheme has become able to come close to providing all desired benefits. Among those vulnerabilities, peeping attacks are recognized as a real threat but, yet remain much unexplored. Most often, applications and systems use textual passwords for authentication, without considering the threat of peeping attacks. Our study provides the first numerical evidence of strength reduction to represent the impact of the attack. We introduce a novel authentication scheme that is conceptually different but purely text-based, as an endeavour towards strengthening textual passwords against the impact of peeping attacks. An experimental approach was used to collect data, simulating a peeping attack. Researchers intended were to provide an idea to the community, at the level of which the strength of a password can be reduced. This vulnerability is something crucial, yet haven't focused enough. Having such an understanding is desirable, as it can provide an image on the impact that these attacks can have on strength of textual passwords. Tue, 01 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT https://ir.kdu.ac.lk/handle/345/6276 2022-11-01T00:00:00Z https://ir.kdu.ac.lk/handle/345/6275 Trends and Determinants of Tire Export Income in Sri Lanka: An Econometric Analysis Madushani, RPB; WIjesinghe, MDJW; Weerasinghe, IP The tire industry in Sri Lanka shows excellent potential for the development of the economy with a substantial contribution to export income. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to examine the determinants and impact of tire export income in Sri Lanka. Secondary data was obtained from Central Bank in Sri Lanka and United Nations Statistical Office covering the period from 1989 to 2018. Unit root test, simple and multiple regression Co integration analysis, Error Correction Model, and Granger Causality tests were used for analysis. The study found a long-run causality between GDP, Global market price for rubber, Exchange Rate, and Inflation with tire export income. The causality test suggested a causality running from export income to GDP. However, there is no causality running between GDP and export income. According to regression results, GDP, inflation, and exchange rate significantly determined the tire export income in Sri Lanka. Further, inflation and exchange rates were negative, and the GDP was positively influenced by the tire export income. While Domestic and Global Market prices for rubber did not show a significant influence on the tire export income. Government should maintain favourable macroeconomic policies, especially monetary policies which enhance the stability of the economy. Tue, 01 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT https://ir.kdu.ac.lk/handle/345/6275 2022-11-01T00:00:00Z https://ir.kdu.ac.lk/handle/345/6274 A Literature Review On Factors Affecting the Academic Performance of Undergraduate Nursing Students in A Sri Lankan University Context Sandharenu, KLKTD; Neranja, AGK This article explores various cutting-edge strategies Sri Lanka might use to modernize its nursing curriculum in order to tackle contemporary issues. Employers search the world over for nursing experts who have the skills necessary to meet the modern requirements of the world healthcare system. It is now vital to enhance nursing education in order to extend its focus, deliver more remarkable patient care, and increase the retention and persistence of the students. Nursing students in Sri Lankan institutions place a premium on academic achievement. Meanwhile, many factors that impact nursing students' academic success have been studied, yet many issues still exist. The current study employed a review technique to examine the literature on undergraduate nursing students’ academic performance in a Sri Lankan university context, as well as numerous factors influencing nursing students' performance. The relevant literature for the article was gathered from the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, and Google Scholar. The search was restricted to the English language. The paper illustrates how both internal and external factors have an impact on academic performance and outlines measures to enhance the grades of nursing students. Internal factors include student-related factors, while external factors include teacher-related, institutional-related, and home-related factors. The student-related factors were investigated by allowing the students themselves to understand the factors and implement actions to improve their academic performance. Teachers play a major role in enhancing performance. This could be done by allowing them to identify problems encountered by students that impact their performance. The relevant educational institutions can promote different workshops and activities to enhance the thinking skills of students, as well as help teachers, understand the influences of their student’s preferred learning methods that will enhance their performances. Parents can identify the matters that pertain to the studies of their children and enhance their performance by giving them support. The study has the benefit of identifying the factors affecting performance and giving suggestions for producing intelligent and skilled nursing graduates for the nation. Tue, 01 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT https://ir.kdu.ac.lk/handle/345/6274 2022-11-01T00:00:00Z https://ir.kdu.ac.lk/handle/345/6273 Evaluation of Set-Up Errors and Set-Up Margin in Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy for Pelvic Tumours by Using Electronic Portal Imaging Device Ramanathan, V; Gunarathne, K; Sampath, DC; Rizwy, MM A set-up error is defined as any deviation between the predetermined and actual treatment positions, and is determined by measuring the displacement of the treatment field position by comparing the treatment image to its reference image. Dose distribution in the target volume is dependent on setup margins. It is important to assess the setup errors for each radiotherapy unit to reduce the treatment errors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the systematic and random setup errors using electronic portal imaging device (EPID) for pelvic tumour patients treated by 3D-CRT (conformal radiotherapy) and also to assess set-up margin. 115 pelvic tumour patients were included in this study in which 1150 portal images were assessed. The displacements between DRR (digitally reconstructed radiograph) and the portal images were measured in the direction of right to lateral, superior to inferior in anterior images by matching rigid bony landmarks. Moreover, the displacements between anterior to posterior and superior to inferior were measured in lateral images. The estimated systematic errors were 0.242, 0.255 cm in right to lateral and superior to inferior direction in anterior images, and 0.227, 0.220 cm in anterior to posterior and superior to inferior in lateral images. The estimated random errors were 0.404, 0.367 cm in right to lateral and superior to inferior in anterior images, 0.313, 0.337 cm in anterior to posterior and superior to inferior in lateral images. The determined margins for CTV to PTV based on ICRU were 0.4711, 0.4465, 0.3870, 0.4026 cm in the order of the above mentioned directions. A 0.5 cm safety margin is suggested for all pelvic tumour patients treated with 3D-CRT in Varian 2300CD linear accelerator unit, Apeksha Hospital, Maharagama. Tue, 01 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT https://ir.kdu.ac.lk/handle/345/6273 2022-11-01T00:00:00Z